{"id":350,"date":"2018-04-09T14:16:10","date_gmt":"2018-04-09T14:16:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/berghofer-legal.de\/rechtsanwalt-berghofer"},"modified":"2025-08-18T15:55:06","modified_gmt":"2025-08-18T14:55:06","slug":"rechtsanwalt-berghofer","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/berghofer-legal.de\/en","title":{"rendered":"Attorney Berghofer"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\">[vc_row row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1519583359817{background-image: url(http:\/\/berghofer-legal.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/berghofer-legal-stairs.jpg?id=212) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}&#8221;][vc_column css_animation=&#8221;left-to-right&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1519583867092{background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}&#8221; offset=&#8221;vc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;200&#8243;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section_slide=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1518773641491{background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.48) !important;*background-color: rgb(255,255,255) !important;}&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;60&#8243;][vc_column_text]\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">MICHAEL A. BERGHOFER, LL.M.<\/h1>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;10&#8243;][vc_column_text]\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">ATTORNEY, COMPETITION LAW EXPERT<\/h3>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_separator type=&#8221;small&#8221; position=&#8221;center&#8221; border_style=&#8221;&#8221; thickness=&#8221;2&#8243; width=&#8221;60&#8243; up=&#8221;25&#8243; down=&#8221;25&#8243; color=&#8221;#2eae7c&#8221;]<a href=\"#contact\" target=\"_self\" data-hover-border-color='#464647' data-hover-color='#464647' class=\"qbutton  small underlined\" style=\"color: #464647; border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.01); font-size: 20px; \">Contact<span class=\"qode-underlined-button-span\" style=\"background-color:#464647;\"><\/span><\/a>[vc_empty_space height=&#8221;60&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;200&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#eaeaea&#8221;][vc_column offset=&#8221;vc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;60&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#eaeaea&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; offset=&#8221;vc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section_slide=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;5\/6&#8243;]<div class=\"testimonials_holder clearfix  \"><div class=\"testimonials testimonials_carousel\" data-show-navigation=\"no\" data-show-navigation-arrows=\"no\" data-animation-type=\"fade\" data-animation-speed=\"\" data-auto-rotate-slides=\"10\"><ul class=\"slides\"><li id=\"testimonials378\" class=\"testimonial_content\"><div class=\"testimonial_content_inner\"><div class=\"testimonial_text_holder left_align\"><div class=\"testimonial_text_inner\"><p style='color:#333333;'>\u201eYou can take this as a gentle word of warning, if you like. We are just at the beginning of a period of more intensive antitrust enforcement\u201d<\/p><p class=\"testimonial_author\" style=\"color: #2eae7c;\">- Neelie Kroes, European Commissioner for Competition 2004-2010<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"testimonials379\" class=\"testimonial_content\"><div class=\"testimonial_content_inner\"><div class=\"testimonial_text_holder left_align\"><div class=\"testimonial_text_inner\"><p style='color:#333333;'>\u201cAs freak legislation, the antitrust laws stand alone. Nobody knows what it is they forbid.\u201d<\/p><p class=\"testimonial_author\" style=\"color: #2eae7c;\">- Isabel Paterson, The God of the Machine<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; offset=&#8221;vc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section_slide=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]\n<h4><span style=\"color: #2eae7c;\">My services<\/span><\/h4>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;20&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section_slide=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/12&#8243;][vc_separator type=&#8221;small&#8221; position=&#8221;left&#8221; border_style=&#8221;&#8221; thickness=&#8221;200&#8243; width=&#8221;1&#8243; color=&#8221;#2eae7c&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;11\/12&#8243;][vc_column_text]\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">With more than 20 years of practical experience in all fields of competition and antitrust law, I will competently guide you through all competition-law issues. Trust my advice to avoid sanctions and to proactively use competition and antitrust laws in order to secure your position on the market without undue legal risks.<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; offset=&#8221;vc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section_slide=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]\n<h4><span style=\"color: #2eae7c;\">Your benefit<\/span><\/h4>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;20&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section_slide=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/12&#8243;][vc_separator type=&#8221;small&#8221; position=&#8221;left&#8221; border_style=&#8221;&#8221; thickness=&#8221;200&#8243; width=&#8221;1&#8243; color=&#8221;#2eae7c&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;11\/12&#8243;][vc_column_text]\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In close cooperation with you, I develop tailor-made solutions for you and your undertaking to support you in reaching your goals whilst minimizing antitrust and competition law risks. I always keep the big picture in mind and, together with my network of dedicated legal experts in their respective field, provide legal advice in neighbouring fields of law as well, thus being your partner in all questions relating to competition and antitrust law.<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#eaeaea&#8221;][vc_column offset=&#8221;vc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;60&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; anchor=&#8221;attorney&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; offset=&#8221;vc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;60&#8243;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section_slide=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;5\/6&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;552&#8243; img_size=&#8221;800 \u00d7 800&#8243; style=&#8221;vc_box_circle&#8221; css=&#8221;&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; offset=&#8221;vc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;180&#8243;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section_slide=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][vc_separator type=&#8221;small&#8221; position=&#8221;left&#8221; border_style=&#8221;&#8221; thickness=&#8221;100&#8243; width=&#8221;1&#8243; up=&#8221;50&#8243; down=&#8221;25&#8243; color=&#8221;#2eae7c&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;5\/6&#8243;][vc_column_text]\n<h2><span style=\"color: #2eae7c;\">Attorney \/competition law expert<\/span><\/h2>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;15&#8243;][vc_column_text]<div class=\"su-expand su-expand-collapsed su-expand-link-style-default\" data-height=\"100\"><div class=\"su-expand-content su-u-trim\" style=\"color:#464647;max-height:100px;overflow:hidden\">\n<p>My long-standing practical experience in advising and representing undertakings in all fields of\u00a0 competition and antitrust law includes agency experience\u00a0within the European Commission\u2019s Directorate General for Competition\u00a0and nearly 20 years in private practice fully admitted to the German bar. I advise in all fields of German and EU antitrust\u00a0and competition law including defence in\u00a0cartel investigations\u00a0and abuse of dominance proceedings,\u00a0drafting of contracts,\u00a0developing and setting up distribution\u00a0systems\u00a0and co-operation schemes, merger control and competition law compliance.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><strong>Professional experience<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Prior to taking up my career in private practice as a lawyer fully admitted to the German bar since 2002, I worked for the European Commission\u2019s Directorate-General for Competition (DG COMP) in Brussels. I started my career in private practice in 2002 in a well renowned Stuttgart law firm practising competition law nationwide and thereafter worked as Counsel in a boutique law firm specialised in the field of competition law for many years. In 2011, I became Head of Competition &amp; Antitrust in a Big 4 Accounting Firm, a position I held until the end of 2017 when I decided to independently render my services in antitrust and competition law under my own law practice.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Education<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">I studied at the universities of T\u00fcbingen, London and the German University of Administrative Sciences\u00a0and graduated Master of\u00a0Laws\u00a0(LL.M.) specialised\u00a0in the field of competition law from King\u2019s College London.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><strong>Language skills<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">I provide legal advice in both, German and English language, and render speeches as well as publications in the field of competition and antitrust\u00a0law as well as in adjacent fields in both languages. In addition, I speak French.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><strong>Memberships<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-list\" style=\"margin-left:0px\">\n<ul>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> Studienvereinigung Kartellrecht (the association of German-speaking attorneys specialising in competition law)<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> German Association for the Protection of Intellectual Property (GRUR)<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> German Bar \/ Munich Bar Association<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"su-expand-link su-expand-link-more\" style=\"text-align:left\"><a href=\"javascript:;\" style=\"color:#2eae7c;border-color:#2eae7c\"><i class=\"sui sui-plus\" style=\"\" aria-label=\"\"><\/i><span style=\"border-color:#2eae7c\">read more<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"su-expand-link su-expand-link-less\" style=\"text-align:left\"><a href=\"javascript:;\" style=\"color:#2eae7c;border-color:#2eae7c\"><i class=\"sui sui-minus\" style=\"\" aria-label=\"\"><\/i><span style=\"border-color:#2eae7c\">close<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221;][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;60&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; anchor=&#8221;competitionlaw&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1518969033889{background-color: #eaeaea !important;}&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;60&#8243;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section_slide=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]\n<h2>Antitrust and Competition Law<\/h2>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_separator type=&#8221;small&#8221; position=&#8221;left&#8221; border_style=&#8221;&#8221; thickness=&#8221;2&#8243; width=&#8221;60&#8243; up=&#8221;25&#8243; down=&#8221;25&#8243; color=&#8221;#2eae7c&#8221;][vc_column_text]\n<p class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"s1\">As can be inferred from the quotes here above, competition and antitrust laws are a special and peculiar field of law many undertakings do not know how to handle \u2013 despite the fact that competition and antitrust laws do influence nearly all aspects of any undertaking\u2019s\u00a0economic actions and competition authorities (and\u00a0increasingly other market participants) pursue\u00a0adherence to them ever more rigorously. The extremely wide cartel prohibitions of German (\u00a7 1 GWB) and EU (Article 101(1) TFEU) law prohibit<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;20&#8243;][vc_column_text]\n<h3 class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201e<span class=\"s1\"><b><i>all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition<\/i><\/b><\/span>\u201c.<\/h3>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;20&#8243;][vc_column_text]\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><div class=\"su-expand su-expand-collapsed su-expand-link-style-default\" data-height=\"100\"><div class=\"su-expand-content su-u-trim\" style=\"color:#464647;max-height:100px;overflow:hidden\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">There are narrow and complex exemptions from this prohibition, which since 2005, undertakings have to assess, document and in the case of a dispute prove on their own: competition authorities do not provide clearance, comfort letters or binding information in individual cases any more. Due to this\u00a0 paradigm\u00a0shift, competition authorities throughout Europe have freed \u2013 and ever since decidedly expanded \u2013 significant personal resources, which they use to detect and prosecute competition law infringements. At the same time, private enforcement of competition and antitrust laws by competing undertakings or customers before the national courts (which previously had no reasonable chance\u00a0to succeed) has been and continues to be significantly facilitated, so that today\u00a0in addition to increased agency activity, there is a \u201csecond front\u201d of (private) competition and antitrust enforcement. With its ever-changing and fast-growing body\u00a0of statutes, directives, guidelines as well as German and EU jurisprudence and agency practice, competition and antitrust law is an increasingly complex specialised field of law; nonetheless, competition authorities expect undertakings of all forms and sizes to intimately know these rules, and not just their basics. At\u00a0the same time, competition and antitrust law is an interdisciplinary matter, as competition law problems surface in a multitude of economic situations (predominantly governed by other fields of law like contract, distribution, trade and company law\u00a0or the law of intellectual property) with which undertakings of all sizes are confronted in their day-to-day business.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Infringements of competition and antitrust laws entail severe consequences and heavy sanctions:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><div class=\"su-list\" style=\"margin-left:0px\">\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> <b>competition law fines<\/b>\u00a0can amount to up to ten percent (10%) of a company\u2019s global yearly group turnover\u00a0<span class=\"s4\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"s3\">\u00a0which, together with the fact that every undertaking participating in an infringement is jointly and severally liable to pay all cartelists\u2019\u00a0competition law fines, can easily become a threat for an undertaking\u2019s very existence<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> <strong>damages for competition law infringements\u00a0<\/strong>often surmount the amount of competition law fines and, due to ever facilitated damages procedures in front of the national courts, have now become standard practice<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> moreover, there is a threat of significant\u00a0<b>losses in brand image and company reputation<\/b>\u00a0and in some jurisdictions even of criminal sanctions and jail time<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> where, in particular when it comes to company transactions, mandatory filings are not made\u00a0and\/or all required agency approvals are not obtained\u00a0prior to closing, there is not only a threat of competition law fines, but also of the\u00a0<b>divestiture and dissolution<\/b>\u00a0of the\u00a0 transaction<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> Legal and other\u00a0<b>advisers are liable to competition law fines<\/b>\u00a0when they support or facilitate competition law infringements<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">On the other hand, undertakings that duly deal and grapple with competition and antitrust laws, adhere to their stipulations and use existing creative leeway in their favour\u00a0can\u00a0thus gain significant advantages in the competitive field: they can enjoy the benefits of co-operating with other undertakings\u00a0 in\u00a0full legal certainty, design their distribution systems and contract relations in line with their best interests and fight off anti-competitive behaviour of other market participants without themselves facing a threat to infringe applicable competition and antitrust laws and having to bear the negative consequences<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><\/div><div class=\"su-expand-link su-expand-link-more\" style=\"text-align:left\"><a href=\"javascript:;\" style=\"color:#2eae7c;border-color:#2eae7c\"><i class=\"sui sui-plus\" style=\"\" aria-label=\"\"><\/i><span style=\"border-color:#2eae7c\">read more<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"su-expand-link su-expand-link-less\" style=\"text-align:left\"><a href=\"javascript:;\" style=\"color:#2eae7c;border-color:#2eae7c\"><i class=\"sui sui-minus\" style=\"\" aria-label=\"\"><\/i><span style=\"border-color:#2eae7c\">close<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;60&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; background_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1519583774096{background-image: url(http:\/\/berghofer-legal.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/bg2.jpg?id=159) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1519751804290{background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}&#8221; offset=&#8221;vc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs&#8221;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; offset=&#8221;vc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;60&#8243;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section_slide=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Follow me on<\/span><\/h4>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_separator type=&#8221;small&#8221; position=&#8221;center&#8221; border_style=&#8221;&#8221; thickness=&#8221;2&#8243; width=&#8221;60&#8243; up=&#8221;25&#8243; down=&#8221;45&#8243; color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section_slide=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;]<span class='q_social_icon_holder with_link normal_social' data-hover-color=#dddddd><a href='https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/michael-berghofer-4365981\/' target='_blank'><i class='social_icon fa fa-linkedin large simple_social' style='color: #ffffff;'><\/i><\/a><\/span>[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;]<span class='q_social_icon_holder with_link normal_social' data-hover-color=#dddddd><a href='https:\/\/www.xing.com\/profile\/Michael_Berghofer\/' target='_blank'><i class='social_icon fa fa-xing large simple_social' style='color: #ffffff;'><\/i><\/a><\/span>[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;]<span class='q_social_icon_holder with_link normal_social' data-hover-color=#dddddd><a href='https:\/\/twitter.com\/MABerghofer' target='_blank'><i class='social_icon fa fa-twitter large simple_social' style='color: #ffffff;'><\/i><\/a><\/span>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;60&#8243;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243; offset=&#8221;vc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; anchor=&#8221;services&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;60&#8243;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section_slide=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]\n<h2>Services<\/h2>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_separator type=&#8221;small&#8221; position=&#8221;left&#8221; border_style=&#8221;&#8221; thickness=&#8221;2&#8243; width=&#8221;60&#8243; up=&#8221;25&#8243; down=&#8221;25&#8243; color=&#8221;#2eae7c&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_accordion active_tab=&#8221;1&#8243; style=&#8221;boxed_accordion&#8221;][vc_accordion_tab title=&#8221;+ CARTELS &amp; CARTEL FINES&#8221; title_tag=&#8221;h5&#8243;][vc_column_text]The imposition of cartel fines up to an amount of ten percent (10%) of a company\u2019s global yearly group turnover for a single infringement is the most potent instrument German and European competition authorities dispose of, save for criminal sanctions (which are, however, more relevant abroad). With my longstanding experience as a lawyer defending undertakings and company directors alike in cartel proceedings and against cartel fines (in front of the German Bundeskartellamt, and the European Commission\u2019s Directorate-General for Competition as well as the German and EU courts), I provide the following services:[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;15&#8243;][vc_column_text]<div class=\"su-list\" style=\"margin-left:0px\">\n<ul>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> scrutiny and assessment of the existence of competition law infringements and counselling on appropriate measures for redress and mitigation including leniency applications<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> preparation and advice on the correct behaviour during unannounced inspections by competition authorities (so called \u201cdawn raids\u201d)<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> representation in investigations by competition authorities including unannounced inspections and sector enquiries<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> elaboration of an individual defence strategy as well as conception and execution of tailor-made defence measures<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> representation in contentious court proceedings before the German and EU courts against decisions of competition authorities<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_accordion_tab][vc_accordion_tab title=&#8221;+ Merger control&#8221; title_tag=&#8221;h5&#8243;][vc_column_text]External growth of undertakings \u2013 in particular by acquisition of shares or assets of another undertaking, consolidation of companies, joint ventures, corporate mergers or tie-ups, but also by certain kinds of co-operation or leases \u2013 will have to be notified to and approved by competition authorities (often in various jurisdictions) prior to closing if certain turnover thresholds are exceeded. In order to avoid the severe consequences non-compliance with mandatory merger notification obligations entails (in particular fines and divestiture) and to allow a swift, legally secure and efficient closing of proposed company transactions, my services \u2013 in which I include specialised partner attorneys abroad where needed \u2013 comprise[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;15&#8243;][vc_column_text]<div class=\"su-list\" style=\"margin-left:0px\">\n<ul>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> analysis and advice on how to structure an envisaged transaction in order to avoid notification obligations where possible<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> analysis and advice on risks associated with a transaction from a merger control point of view<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> scrutiny of merger notification obligations in Germany, the EU and worldwide as well as coordination of all required merger control proceedings<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> analysis and advice on how to define and structure a transaction in line with existing notification requirements<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> drafting and filing merger control applications with_the Bundeskartellamt and the European Commission and presentation during said proceedings<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> representation of other undertakings as interested parties in merger proceedings<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> advice of other parties concerned by a merger regarding requests for information and the likely outcome of merger control proceedings<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_accordion_tab][vc_accordion_tab title=&#8221;+ COMPETITION COMPLIANCE&#8221; title_tag=&#8221;h5&#8243;][vc_column_text]Competition law compliance aims at minimising competition law infringements and at the same time safeguarding the company\u2019s management and executives from personal liability: by appropriate rules and processes, due delegation and appropriate controls can be demonstrated should an infringement occur. Moreover, competition law compliance programs can serve to reduce the amount of competition law fines. Based on my long-standing experience in designing, amending and scrutinising competition law compliance management systems (CMS) \u2013 including certification under the IDW AsS 980 Principles for Proper Performance of Reasonable Assurance Engagements Relating to Compliance Management Systems during my tenure at a Big4 accounting firm \u2013 my services include[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;15&#8243;][vc_column_text]<div class=\"su-list\" style=\"margin-left:0px\">\n<ul>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> an individual analysis of all competition law related risks pertaining to the specific activity of an undertaking<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> risk based deduction and draft of appropriate processes to address the specific risks identified in the line with the requirements in IDW AsS 980<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> devising and drafting a company specific code of conduct including specialised guidelines for individual groups of employees and specific situations, e.g. during unannounced inspections by competition authorities (\u201cdawn raids\u201d)<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> devising and executing specific trainings of company management, compliance officer, legal department and employees pertaining to the specific competition law risks associated with their duties in the company<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> ongoing advice and support regarding all aspects of day-to-day compliance operations including identification of required amendments and clear and concise answers on specific questions surfacing<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> rendering support with a view to possible infringements of competition law detected internally \/ in internal audits, devising an appropriate strategy to handle these situations (including, where required, filings with competition authorities and financial regulators) and interaction with the chartered accountant<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_accordion_tab][vc_accordion_tab title=&#8221;+ Co-operation&#8221; title_tag=&#8221;h5&#8243;][vc_column_text]Co-operation with other undertakings, including with (potential) competitors, can lead to substantial economic benefits, e.g. economies of scale from joint purchasing, reduced cost from co-operation in the field of research and development or the use of proprietary technology by a multitude of undertakings. Often, co-operation is to the benefit of consumers and not detrimental to competition. However, in most cases co-operation does entail coordination of market behaviour by the participants, which always leads to competition law risks. When it comes to co-operation, there are plenty of legal possibilities, provided the co-operation is structured from the beginning in compliance with competition law requirements. My services comprise[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;15&#8243;][vc_column_text]<div class=\"su-list\" style=\"margin-left:0px\">\n<ul>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> designing and structuring co-operations for joint purchasing, research and development (R&amp;D), technology transfer and co-operation in the field of distribution including project-related supplier consortia<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> devising, drafting and executing corresponding co-operation agreements, including contract negotiation<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> devising, assessing and amending systems for the exchange of information, e.g. via trade associations or trustees<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> comprehensive advice to all competition law aspects of contact with competitors including recommended behaviour at or in connection with trade association or industry meetings<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_accordion_tab][vc_accordion_tab title=&#8221;+ Information exchange&#8221; title_tag=&#8221;h5&#8243;][vc_column_text]Due to vast and far-reaching developments in jurisprudence and competition authority output, information exchange between undertakings is facing ever more rigid boundaries; lately, information exchanges have often been explicitly sanctioned with cartel fines. Like in the field of co-operations, there are still many legal possibilities to exchange information, provided the competition law restrictions are adhered to from the very beginning and changes and alterations in the competition law assessment of information exchange are duly reflected by amendments of any existing exchange. My services include<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;15&#8243;][vc_column_text]<div class=\"su-list\" style=\"margin-left:0px\">\n<ul>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> devising, assessing and amending systems for the exchange of information, e.g. via trade associations or trustees<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> safeguarding the compatibility of an information exchange with applicable competition laws by assessing the information provided by individual participants, the information intended to be relayed to all participants as well as adherence to all criteria for information to be relayed<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> assessment of the competition law compatibility of an information exchange including reconciliation with competition authorities and, if necessary, development of an appropriate defence strategy againt allegations of an infringement<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_accordion_tab][\/vc_accordion][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;15&#8243;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_accordion active_tab=&#8221;false&#8221; style=&#8221;boxed_accordion&#8221;][vc_accordion_tab title=&#8221;+ Abuse of dominance&#8221; title_tag=&#8221;h5&#8243;][vc_column_text]Undertakings with a dominant position on the relevant market are subject to particularly strict behavioural obligations under applicable competition laws, a dominant position being (rebuttably) presumed once market shares exceed 40% (Germany) or 50% (EU) respectively; German competition law entails similar provisions for undertakings with market power significantly below the dominance level. When it comes to alleged abuses of dominance, my services include[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;15&#8243;][vc_column_text]<div class=\"su-list\" style=\"margin-left:0px\">\n<ul>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> a thorough analysis of whether or not a dominant position may exist<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> advice on how to structure the company behaviour in order to avoid allegations of abusiveness<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> scrutiny and assessment of whether a given behaviour may be considered abusive and consultation on appropriate mitigation matters<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> representation in competition authority investigations including unannounced inspections<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> advising competitors, customers or suppliers of dominant undertakings on how to counter abusive behaviour, including representation in and filing of complaints with the Bundeskartellamt and European Commission<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_accordion_tab][vc_accordion_tab title=&#8221;+ Cartel damages&#8221; title_tag=&#8221;h5&#8243;][vc_column_text]When I started practising competition law, cartel damage proceedings were extremely difficult to win and therefore nearly unknown in Germany and the EU. In recent years, court rulings as well as amendments of applicable laws did significantly facilitate contentious cartel damage claims that today there hardly are cartel fines that are not followed by private cartel damage claims and litigation. Damages suffered through cartel behaviour, refusal to supply or abuse of a dominant position can quickly reach an amount exceeding even cartel fines: damages bear interest from the time of the competition law infringement and all participants in an infringement are jointly and severally liable for the total amount of damages any third party incurred. With a view to cartel damages, my services include[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;15&#8243;][vc_column_text]<div class=\"su-list\" style=\"margin-left:0px\">\n<ul>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> the consultation of claimants (in particular customers, suppliers and competitors) as well as defendants regarding the chances of success in enforcing or defending against claims for cartel damages<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> preparation of cartel damage litigation including access to the respective competition authorities\u2019 file and gathering and preparation of evidence<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> non-contentious enforcement including negotiating, drafting and concluding settlements<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> contentious enforcement \/ defence against cartel damage claims in front of the courts of competent jurisdiction<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_accordion_tab][vc_accordion_tab title=&#8221;+ Distribution systems&#8221; title_tag=&#8221;h5&#8243;][vc_column_text]Distributing products is the core business activity for the majority of undertakings, whether they are producers or retailers. Antitrust and competition laws contain important requirements for distribution and supply relationships, non-compliance with which poses a significant economic risk as it can result in cartel fines and, in particular, make the entire agreement null and void. Competition law requirements concern agreements and concerted practices regarding all market-related activity, in particular regarding price, price components and rebates, territories and customers, but equally advertising and online distribution. As, therefore, a design of distribution and supply relationships in full compliance with competition law requirements as well as the defence against any undue claims infringing competition and antitrust law is of the essence to ensure legal certainty in distribution and supply relations, my services comprise[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;15&#8243;][vc_column_text]<div class=\"su-list\" style=\"margin-left:0px\">\n<ul>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> assessing, designing, setting up and executing supply and distribution agreements<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> designing, structuring, drafting and executing special distribution relationships like selective distribution systems, agency agreements or franchise agreements<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> assessing, designing and setting up systems for online distribution<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> support in negotiating corresponding contracts and in implementing and communicating amendments to business partners and relevant stakeholders<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> representation in contentious or non-contentious complaint proceedings as well as in investigations by competition authorities<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_accordion_tab][vc_accordion_tab title=&#8221;+ DRAFTING OF CONTRACTS&#8221; title_tag=&#8221;h5&#8243;][vc_column_text]\n<p class=\"p1\">Contracts and agreements are shaping the relationship between economic actors; they are omnipresent in economic life and of vital importance for the economic success of every single undertaking: therefore, contracts and agreements must be favourable content wise, but in particular legally certain and enforceable in a court of law in case of a dispute. Competition law prohibits <i>\u201call agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition\u201d <\/i>(\u00a7 1 GWB, Art. 101(1) TFEU). Whether conducted orally or in writing, legally binding or mere gentleman\u2019s agreement: if a contract or agreement infringes this extremely wide statutory prohibition, it is null and void, cannot legally be enforced and may be sanctioned by cartel fines. My services include<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;15&#8243;][vc_column_text]<div class=\"su-list\" style=\"margin-left:0px\">\n<ul>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> assessment, (re-)design and execution of agreements and contractual provisions, in particular covenants not to compete, exclusivity clauses, stipulations on contract territories, customers and customer groups as well as other competitive activities in order to establish a legally secure and fully enforceable agreement<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> assessment of contract provisions potentially infringing competition laws<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> negotiation of agreements and contract clauses<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> representation in non-contentious negotiations on amendments of or dissolution from agreements and contracts raising competition law concerns<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> where necessary, representation in contentious proceedings in front of competition authorities and courts<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_accordion_tab][vc_accordion_tab title=&#8221;+ Adjacent fields of law&#8221; title_tag=&#8221;h5&#8243;][vc_column_text]Competition and antitrust law is both, a highly complex and specialised legal area and at the same time an interdisciplinary matter. Competition law problems surface in a multitude of economic situations, which often are predominantly governed by other fields of law like contract, distribution, trade and company law or the law of intellectual property. In fields of law adjacent to competition and antitrust law, in particular in[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;15&#8243;][vc_column_text]<div class=\"su-list\" style=\"margin-left:0px\">\n<ul>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> procurement law<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> subsidy law and EU state aid law<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> trade and company law<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> law against unfair competition<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> intellectual property law<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> copyright, patents and trademark law<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> law of contracts<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-circle-o\" style=\"color:#2eae7c\"><\/i> distribution law<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;15&#8243;][vc_column_text]I equally have long-standing practical experience and am happy to advise and represent you. Should highly special knowledge be required, I co-operate with specialised law firms excelling in their respective fields[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_accordion_tab][\/vc_accordion][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column offset=&#8221;vc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;60&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; anchor=&#8221;blog&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column parallax=&#8221;content-moving&#8221; parallax_image=&#8221;309&#8243; offset=&#8221;vc_hidden-md vc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;60&#8243;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section_slide=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]\n<h2>Blog <span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">&amp;<\/span> News<\/h2>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;20&#8243;]<div class=\"qode-simple-blog-list qode-sbl-4-columns qode-sbl-animated\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"qode-sbl-posts-holder clearfix\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"qode-sbl-posts\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qode-sbl-post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qode-sbl-post-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"qode-sbl-category\"><a href=\"https:\/\/berghofer-legal.de\/en\/category\/news-en\" rel=\"category tag\">News<\/a><\/h6>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"qode-sbl-post-title entry_title\" itemprop=\"name\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/berghofer-legal.de\/en\/bundeskartellamt-opens-proceedings-against-apple-regarding-tracking-rules-for-third-party-apps\" itemprop=\"url\">Bundeskartellamt opens proceedings against Apple regarding tracking rules for third-party apps<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p itemprop=\"description\" class=\"qode-sbl-post-excerpt\">Today, the Bundeskartellamt has opened antitrust proceedings to examine allegations whereby Apple gives preferential treatment to Apple&#8217;s own offerings and\/or hinders other providers with regard......<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/berghofer-legal.de\/en\/bundeskartellamt-opens-proceedings-against-apple-regarding-tracking-rules-for-third-party-apps\" target=\"_self\"  class=\"qbutton   display_dash\" style=\"\">Read More<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qode-sbl-post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qode-sbl-post-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"qode-sbl-category\"><a href=\"https:\/\/berghofer-legal.de\/en\/category\/news-en\" rel=\"category tag\">News<\/a><\/h6>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"qode-sbl-post-title entry_title\" itemprop=\"name\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/berghofer-legal.de\/en\/the-rules-on-vertical-restraints-come-into-force-today-the-legal-framework-for-distribution-in-the-next-12-years\" itemprop=\"url\">New rules on vertical restraints come into force today &#8211; shaping the legal framework for distribution in the next 12 years<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p itemprop=\"description\" class=\"qode-sbl-post-excerpt\">Today, 1 June 2022, the revised Regulation (EU) 2022\/720 on the exemption of categories of vertical agreements (&#8220;Vertical Block Exemption Regulation&#8221; \/ &#8220;vBER&#8221;) and new......<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/berghofer-legal.de\/en\/the-rules-on-vertical-restraints-come-into-force-today-the-legal-framework-for-distribution-in-the-next-12-years\" target=\"_self\"  class=\"qbutton   display_dash\" style=\"\">Read More<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qode-sbl-post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qode-sbl-post-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"qode-sbl-category\"><a href=\"https:\/\/berghofer-legal.de\/en\/category\/news-en\" rel=\"category tag\">News<\/a><\/h6>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"qode-sbl-post-title entry_title\" itemprop=\"name\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/berghofer-legal.de\/en\/bundeskartellamt-pre-publishes-official-translation-of-the-text-of-the-9th-amendment-to-the-german-competition-act\" itemprop=\"url\">Bundeskartellamt pre-publishes official translation of the text of the 9th Amendment to the German Competition Act<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p itemprop=\"description\" class=\"qode-sbl-post-excerpt\">Almost exactly one year after the 9th Amendment to the German Competition Act (GWB) came into force on 9 June 2017, the German Federal Cartel......<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/berghofer-legal.de\/en\/bundeskartellamt-pre-publishes-official-translation-of-the-text-of-the-9th-amendment-to-the-german-competition-act\" target=\"_self\"  class=\"qbutton   display_dash\" style=\"\">Read More<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qode-sbl-post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qode-sbl-post-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"qode-sbl-category\"><a href=\"https:\/\/berghofer-legal.de\/en\/category\/news-en\" rel=\"category tag\">News<\/a><\/h6>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"qode-sbl-post-title entry_title\" itemprop=\"name\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/berghofer-legal.de\/en\/eugh-klaert-drittplattform-verbote-im-internetvertrieb-coty-akzente\" itemprop=\"url\">ECJ clarifies third-party platform bans in Internet sales (Coty .\/. Akzente)<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p itemprop=\"description\" class=\"qode-sbl-post-excerpt\">In its ruling of December 6, 2017, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) provided important clarifications regarding the assessment of third-party platform bans in internet......<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/berghofer-legal.de\/en\/eugh-klaert-drittplattform-verbote-im-internetvertrieb-coty-akzente\" target=\"_self\"  class=\"qbutton   display_dash\" style=\"\">Read More<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section_slide=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner][vc_empty_space]<a href=\"en\/blog\" target=\"_self\"  class=\"qbutton  underlined\" style=\"font-size: 20px; \">go to the blog<span class=\"qode-underlined-button-span\" style=\"\"><\/span><\/a>[vc_empty_space][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; anchor=&#8221;contact&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#eaeaea&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; offset=&#8221;vc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;60&#8243;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section_slide=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]\n<h2>Contact<\/h2>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_separator type=&#8221;small&#8221; position=&#8221;left&#8221; border_style=&#8221;&#8221; thickness=&#8221;2&#8243; width=&#8221;60&#8243; up=&#8221;25&#8243; down=&#8221;25&#8243; color=&#8221;#2eae7c&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;40&#8243;][vc_column_text]\n<p class=\"p1\"><strong>M.<\/strong> +49 173 1974 922<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><strong>E<\/strong>. <a href=\"mailto:mb@berghofer-legal.de\">mb@berghofer-legal.de<\/a><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;10&#8243;]<a href=\"\/Michael -A -Berghofer-LL-M.vcf\" target=\"_self\" data-hover-border-color='#2eae7c' data-hover-color='#2eae7c' class=\"qbutton  underlined\" style=\"color: #2eae7c; \">VCARD DOWNLOAD<span class=\"qode-underlined-button-span\" style=\"background-color:#2eae7c;\"><\/span><\/a>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;90&#8243;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; offset=&#8221;vc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;60&#8243;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section_slide=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;80&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section_slide=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/12&#8243;][vc_separator type=&#8221;small&#8221; position=&#8221;left&#8221; border_style=&#8221;&#8221; thickness=&#8221;100&#8243; width=&#8221;1&#8243; color=&#8221;#2eae7c&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;11\/12&#8243;][vc_column_text]<b>Law practice in Starnberg<br \/>\n<\/b>Josef-J\u00e4gerhuber-Stra\u00dfe 10<br \/>\n82319 Starnberg<br \/>\n<strong>T.<\/strong> +49 8151 55 66 547<br \/>\n<strong>F.<\/strong> +49 8151 55 67 664[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; offset=&#8221;vc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;60&#8243;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section_slide=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;80&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section_slide=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/12&#8243;][vc_separator type=&#8221;small&#8221; position=&#8221;left&#8221; border_style=&#8221;&#8221; thickness=&#8221;100&#8243; width=&#8221;1&#8243; color=&#8221;#2eae7c&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;11\/12&#8243;][vc_column_text]<strong>Office in M\u00fcnchen<\/strong><br \/>\nMaximilianstra\u00dfe 2<br \/>\n80539 M\u00fcnchen<br \/>\n<strong>T.<\/strong> +49 89 20 500 85644<br \/>\n<strong>F.<\/strong> +49 89 20 500 8150[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; anchor=&#8221;directions&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;60&#8243;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section_slide=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]\n<h2>Directions<\/h2>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_separator type=&#8221;small&#8221; position=&#8221;left&#8221; border_style=&#8221;&#8221; thickness=&#8221;2&#8243; width=&#8221;60&#8243; up=&#8221;25&#8243; down=&#8221;25&#8243; color=&#8221;#2eae7c&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;grid&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section_slide=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<div id=\"wpgmza_map_4\" class=\"wpgmza_map wpgmza-auto-left\" style=\"display:block;width:100\\%;height:600px;overflow:hidden;position:relative;\" data-map-id=\"4\" data-maps-engine=\"\" data-build-engine=\"atlas-novus\" data-shortcode-attributes=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;zoom&quot;:false,&quot;width&quot;:false,&quot;height&quot;:false,&quot;marker&quot;:false,&quot;classname&quot;:false}\" data-settings=\"{&quot;map_title&quot;:&quot;Berghofer Starnberg 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